UG Module 4 - Lesson 8
VAMANA KARMA
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Vamana Ayoga and Atiyoga Vyāpat explained by Ācārya Caraka
According to Ācārya Caraka, Vyāpats may be caused due to Vamana Ayoga and Atiyoga.
Vyāpat | Nidāna | Lakṣaṇas | Treatment |
Ayoga | Expulsion of Doṣa in small amount or in reverse route or Doṣas are not at all expelled | Vibhraṃśa, Śvayathu, Hikkā, Tama Darśana, Piṇḍikodveṣṭana, Kaṇḍu, Ūrusāda, Vivarṇa | Abhyaṅga with Taila and Lavaṇa, then Sankara and Prastara Sveda. Nirūha Basti with Gomūtra. Anuvāsana with Taila processed with Madana, Māgadhi, Dāru. Again Tīkṣṇa Śodhana should be given after proper Snehana with Vātahara Dravya. |
Atiyoga | Excessive expulsion of aggravated Doṣas due to Ati Tīkṣṇa Dravyas, administered when hunger and who has Mṛdu Koṣṭha. | Bala Svara Kṣaya, Dāha, Kaṇṭha Śoṣa, Bhrama | Vamana with Madhura Dravya for expulsion of remaining Dravya. Mṛdu Virecana in Atiyoga of Vamana and Vamana in Atiyoga of Virecana. Raktapitta, Dāha, Jvara, Atisāra line of management is opted. Picchābasti and Anuvasāna Basti with Kṣīrasarpi. |
आध्मानं परिकर्तिश्च स्रावो हृद्गात्रयोर्ग्रहः|
जीवादानं सविभ्रंशः स्तम्भः सोपद्रवः क्लमः||
अयोगादतियोगाच्च दशैता व्यापदो मताः|
प्रेष्यभैषज्यवैद्यानां वैगुण्यादातुरस्य च|| (Cha. Si. 6/29-30)
The ten cardinal complications arising out of improper administration of emesis and purgation are Aādhmāna (distension of abdomen), Parikartikā (fissure in ano), Srāva (excess discharge), Hṛt-graha (congestion in cardiac region), Gātra-graha (body stiffness), Jīvādāna (bleeding), Vibhraṃśa (prolapse of rectum), Stambha (body stiffness), Upadrava (complications), Klama (fatigue without excertion).
The above complications arise out of either under activity or excessive activity of the drug because of the following:
- Preṣya – Vaiguṇya (incompetency of the attendant)
- Bhaiṣajya – Vaiguṇya (incompetency of drug)
- Vaidya – Vaiguṇya (incompetency of physician)
- Ātura – Vaiguṇya (incompetency of the patient)
वैद्यातुरनिमित्तं वमनं विरेचनं च पञ्चदशधा व्यापद्यते |तत्र वमनस्याधो गतिरूर्ध्वं विरेचनस्येति पृथक्; सामान्यमुभयोः– सावशेषौषधत्वं, जीर्णौषधत्वं, हीनदोषापहृतत्वं, वातशूलम्, अयोगो,अतियोगो, जीवादानम्, आध्मानं, परिकर्तिका, परिस्रावः, प्रवाहिका, हृदयोपसरणं, विबन्ध, अङ्गप्रग्रह इति || (Su. Chi. 34/3)
Fifteen different kinds of Vyāpats may result from an injudicious use of emetics and purgatives owing to the ignorance of the physician or of the patient. Of these fifteen, the upward coursing in cases of purgatives and the downward coursing in cases of emetics are peculiar to each of them respectively. The fourteen other remaining Vyāpats are common to both. They are Sāvaseṣa Auṣadhatva (continuance of the drug in the stomach), Jīrṇa Auṣadhatva (complete digestion of the medicine), Hīna Doṣa Apahṛtatva (insufficient elimination of the Doṣas from the system) Adhika Doṣa Apahṛtatva (excessive elimination of the Doṣas from the system), Vāta Sūla (pain due to Vāta), Ayoga (insufficient dosage), Atiyoga (over dosage), Jivādāna (vomiting blood), Ādhmāna (distention of abdomen), Parikartikā (cutting pain in the anus.), Parisrāva (oozing out of stools), Pravāhika( (diarrhoea), Hṛdayopasarana (rising of the Doṣas towards the heart) and Vibandha (constipation)
Vamana Vyāpat | |||
Ayoga Vamana Vyāpat | |||
Vyāpat Nidāna | Vyāpat | Vyāpat Lakṣaṇas | Chikitsā |
Due to the administration of Alpa Mātrā Auṣadha in Bahu Doṣaja condition and in Rūkṣa, Hina Agni, Udāvarta condition, Doṣas cannot be eliminated properly and it obstructs the Srotas. | Ādhmāna (Abdominal distension) | Distension of abdomen, pain in chest region, Śiras, obstruction of stool, urine, and breath | Abhyaṅga, Svedana, Phalavarti, Nirūha and Anuvāsana Basti |
Alpa Auṣadhī administered to a person with aggravated Doṣas, only small amount of Doṣas is eliminated. | Kapha Praseka | Excessive discharge of phlegm | Vamana, administration of Cūrṇa, Āsava, Ariṣṭa |
If a person undergoes Vega Dhārana, during Vamana, the Doṣas aggravates and reaches Hṛdaya and produce Hṛītgraha. | Hṛītgraha (Cardiac Spasm) | Hiccough Cough Unconsciousness Pain over flanks | Vamana In Pittajanya Mūrchā: Madura Dravya Prayoga. In Kaphajanya Mūrchā: Kaṭu Dravya Prayoga. If Vāta aggravated: Snigdha, Amla, Lavaṇa Dravya Prayoga. If Pitta and Kapha aggravated: Rūkṣa, Tikta, Kaṭu Dravya Prayoga. |
If a person suppresses the Vega after intake of Auṣadhī, Vāyu gets obstructed by Kapha, or there will be Atiśodhana, then Vāyu gets vitiated and causes Graha in the limbs | Gātragraha (Spasam of limbs) | Spasm of limbs, twisting and pricking type of pain | Sneha, Svedana, Vātahara Karma. |
It occurs when Śodhana Dravyas stops its action before proper expulsion of Doṣas. | Kaṇḍvādi Lakṣaṇa | Itching | Sneha, Svedana, Vātahara Karma. |
If Snigdha Dravyas are used for Śodhana to a properly Snigdha Puruṣa, then the Dravyas due to their Mṛdu Guṇa becomes difficult for expelling Doṣas. These Doṣas displaced from their own sites gets obstructed | Stambha | Vāta Saṅga, Guda Stambha, Sūla | Langhana, Pācana, Tīkṣṇa Basti, Virecana. |
If Rūkṣa Auṣadha given to a Rūkṣa and Durbala person, Vāta gets aggravated immediately and causes complications. | Upadrava (serious affliction) | Sthambha, Śūla , Gatragraha, Mūrchā | Snehana, Svedana, Vātahara Kriya. |
Mṛdu Dravya when administered to a Snigdha person, it aggravates Kapha and Pitta. As a result, Vāta gets aggravated. | Klama (exhaustion) | Tantra Gavrava Weakness and pain in the body | Langhana, Pācana, Tikta Dravya Prayoga. |
Atiyoga Vamana Vyāpat | |||
Tīkṣṇa Auṣadhī administered to a Snigdha Puruṣa having Guru Koṣṭha associated with Āma or in Durbala having Mṛdu Koṣṭha | Kaṇṭha Kṣaṇana | Throat irritation | Vātahara Karma. |
In Mṛdu Koṣṭha person, if Tīkṣṇa Dravyas are administered or when administered in Alpa Doṣa, pure blood gets eliminated. | Jīvādāna | Blood Discharge in vomitus | Pittanaśaka Chikitsā, Raktapāna, Raktabasti. Basti with – Kṣīra processed with Śyāma, Kāśmarya, Badari, Durvā, Uśīra, Ghṛta Maṇḍa, and Anjana. Picchābasti. Anuvāsana with Ghṛta Maṇḍa. |
It occurs when Śodhana Dravyas stops its action before proper expulsion of Doṣas. | Sañjā Bramśa | Unconsciousness | Priyaśabdha Vacana, Sānthvana, Samaveda Paṭhana. |
IMPORTANT SLOKA
The ten cardinal complications arising out of improper administration of emesis and purgation are Aādhmāna (distension of abdomen), Parikartikā (fissure in ano), Srāva (excess discharge), Hṛt-graha (congestion in cardiac region), Gātra-graha (body stiffness), Jīvādāna (bleeding), Vibhraṃśa (prolapse of rectum), Stambha (body stiffness), Upadrava (complications), Klama (fatigue without excertion).
