2 FOLD CLASSIFICATION

इत्युक्तोद्विविधःस्वेदःसंयुक्तोऽग्निगुणैर्नच|

एकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गगतःस्निग्धोरूक्षस्तथैवच|

इत्येतत्त्रिविधंद्वन्द्वंस्वेदमुद्दिश्यकीर्तितम्[i]|               (Cha. Su. 14/64)

• Based on Guṇa of drugs-
• SnigdhaSveda – eg: ṢāṣṭikaPiṇḍaSveda, PātraPiṇḍaSveda
• RukshaSveda – eg: VālukaSveda, CūrṇaPiṇḍaSveda

• Based on site of Sveda
• EkāṅgaSveda– eg: JānuDhāra
• SarvāṅgaSveda

• Based on use of Agni
• AgniSveda
• AnagniSveda/ NiragniSveda

3 FOLD CLASSIFICATION

व्याधौशीतेशरीरेचमहान्स्वेदोमहाबले| दुर्बलेदुर्बलःस्वेदोमध्यमेमध्यमोहितः|

वातश्लेष्मणिवातेवाकफेवास्वेदइष्यते| स्निग्धरूक्षस्तथास्निग्धोरूक्षश्चाप्युपकल्पितः[ii]

                                                                                    (Cha. Su. 14/7)

• According to VyādhiBalā and RogiBalā
• MṛduSveda– eg: PāṇiTāpa
• MadhyamaSveda – eg: PatrapiṇḍaSveda
• MahāSveda – eg: JentākaSveda

4 FOLD CLASSIFICATION (CATURVIDHASVEDA)

स्वेदस्तापोपनोहोष्मद्रवभेदाच्चतुर्विधः[iii] |                            (A. H. Su. 17/1)

1. TāpaSveda
2. UpanāhaSveda
3. ŪṣmaSveda
4. DravaSveda

8 FOLD CLASSIFICATION – ACCORDING TO KĀŚYAPA

1. Hasta
2. Pradeha
3. Nāḍi
4. Prastara
5. Saṅkara
6. Upanāha
7. Avagāha
8. Pariṣeka

10 FOLD CLASSIFICATION

व्यायामउष्णसदनंगुरुप्रावरणंक्षुधा|

बहुपानंभयक्रोधावुपनाहाहवातपाः|

स्वेदयन्तिदशैतानिनरमग्निगुणादृते[iv] |                                            (Cha. Su. 14/64)

1. Vyāyāma -Exercise                     
2. Uṣṇasadana –residing in warm place
3. Gurūprāvaraṇa -wearing of heavy clothing
4. Kṣudha – hunger
5. BahuPāna- Excessive drinking
6. Bhaya – Fear                                                       
7. Krōdha -Anger                                                       
8. Upanāha – Application of    Poultice                                                  
9. Āhava – Wrestling
10. Ātapa– Exposure to sun rays

13 FOLD CLASSIFICATION

सङ्करःप्रस्तरोनाडीपरिषेकोऽवगाहनम्| जे

न्ताकोऽश्मघनःकर्षूःकुटीभूःकुम्भिकैवच

कूपोहोलाकइत्येतेस्वेदयन्तित्रयोदश[v] |                                          (Cha. Su. 14/39)

1. Saṅkara
2. Prastara
3. Nādi
4. Pariṣeka
5. Avagāha
6. Jentāka
7. Aśmghna
8. Karṣu
9. Kuṭī
10. Bhū
11. Kumbhī
12. Kūpa
13. Holāka

[i] Cha.Su.14/64

[ii] Cha.Su.14/7

[iii] AH.SU.17/1

[iv] Cha.Su.14/64

[v] Cha.Su.14/39

• TĀPASVEDA

तापोअग्नितप्तवसनफालहस्ततलादिभिः[i] |              (A. H. Su. 17/2)

Tāpameans heating. Direct application of heat to the body with heated materials such ashasta, KāmsyaPatra, Vastra, Vālūka, Kanduka.

• ŪṢMASVEDA

ऊष्मातूत्कारिकालोष्टकपालोपलपांसुभिः |
पत्रभङ्गेनधान्येनकरीषसिकतातुषैः ||

अनेकोपायसन्तप्तैःप्रयोज्योदेशकालतः[ii] |              (A. H. Su. 17/3)

Ūṣmameans Bāṣpa-steam.The steam of the hot substance is directed towards the affected body part. Steam is obtained by Utkārika(boiling pulses, grains), stones, pebbles, mud pieces of leaves, grains, husk etc.

• UPANĀHA SVEDA

उपनाहोवचाकिण्वशताहवादेवदारुभिः

धान्यैःसमस्तैःगन्धैश्चरास्नाएरण्डजटामिषैः

उद्रिक्तलवणैः  स्नेहचुक्रतक्रपयःप्लुतैः
केवलेपवने, श्लेष्मसंस्रुष्टेसुरसादिभिः
पित्तेनपद्मकाध्यैस्तुसाल्वणाख्यैःपुनःपुनः

स्निग्धोष्णवीर्यंमृदुभिश्चर्मपट्टैरपूतिभिः
अलाभेवतजित्पत्रकौशेयाविकशाटकैः[iii] |                           (A. H. Su. 17/4-6)

• Svedana done by Bandhana is known as Upanāha.
• It is prepared from vaca, Kinva, Śātāhva, Devadāru, Dhānya, Rāsnā,Māmsa etc.
• In KevalaVāta condition, each one is added with more of Lavaṇa, Sneha, takra, Payas
• In KaphaAnubandhaVāta – SurasādiGaṇa
• In PittānubandhaVāta- PadmakādiGaṇa , Sālvaṇa, KākolyādiGaṇa

Method of Application

• After applying the poultice, the part of the body should be bandaged with soft piece of leather which does not have bad smell, which has been oiled; it should be slightly warmed and tied; if leather is not available, leaves of plants which balānceVāta, silk cloth, or woollen cloth may be used.
• Poultice tied during night should be removed during day and that tied during day should be removed during night.

SālvaṇaUpanāha

काकोल्यादिःसवातघ्नसर्वाम्लद्रव्यसंयुतः।सआनूपऔदकंमांसस्तुसर्वस्नेहसमान्वितः॥सुखोष्णःस्पष्टलवणःसाल्वणःपरिकीर्तितः॥तेनोपनाहंकुर्वीतंसर्वतावातरोगिणाम्॥                                                                                                                                    (Su.Chi. 32/14)

• The Upanāha rich in salt is called SālvaṇaUpanāha. In this the KākolyādiGaṇaDravya, VātāhāraDravya, AmlaDravya, Ānūpamāṃsa, Sneha, Lavaṇa in excess quantity are made into a paste and bandaging is done with silk cloth.
• Indicated in Atyantaruja,Gātrasaṃkoca, Gātrastabdha
• DRAVASVEDA

शिग्रुवारणकैरण्डकरञ्जसुरसार्जकात् |
शिरीषवासांवशार्कमालतीदीर्घवृन्ततः
पत्रंमङ्गैर्वचाध्यैश्चमांसैश्चानूपवारिजैः
दशमूलेनचपृथक्सहितेर्वायथामलम्
स्नेहवद्भिःसुराशुक्तवारिक्षीरादिसाधितैः
कुम्भीर्गलन्तीर्नाडीर्वापूरयित्वारुजार्दितंम |
वाससाअच्छादितंगात्रंस्निग्धंसिञ्चेत्यथासुखम[iv] |       (A. H. Su. 17/6-9)

Warm liquid is prepared by boiling leaves of Śigru, Vāraṇaka,Eraṇḍa, Karanja, Surasa, Ārjaka, Shireesa, Vasa, Vamsha, Arka, Mālatī or Dirghvrinta with drugs of Vacādigaṇa, meat of animals of Marshy land and of those living in water, drugs of Daśamūla, each one separately or all together, mixed with fats – oil, ghee etc. appropriate to the Dōṣa, Sura, Sukta, water and milk. This medicated liquid should be filled into pot, jug with spout, or a tube and poured slowly and steadily over the painful part covered with cloth. (pariṣekaSveda)

It is of 2 types – Pariṣeka, Avagāha

AvagāhaSveda

तैरेववाद्रवैःपूर्णंकुण्डंसर्वाङ्गगेऽनिले|
अवगाह्यातुरस्तिष्ठेदर्शःकृच्छ्रादिरुक्षुच||

                                                                        (A. H. Su. 17/11)

AvagāhaSveda – In case of Vāta affecting the entire body, the same medicated water may be filled into tub and the patient made to sit in it, this method can be adopted in piles, dysuria.

[i] Ah.SU.17/2

[ii] Ah.Su.17/3

[iii] Ah.Su.17/4

[iv] AH.SU.17/6

चतुर्विधःस्वेदःतद्यथातापस्वेदऊष्मस्वेदउपनाहस्वेदोद्रवस्वेदइतिअत्र

सर्वस्वेदविकल्पावरोधः[i]।                                          (Su. Chi. 32/3)

ĀcāryaSuśrutahas classified Svedana intoAgniSveda and AnagniSveda.

1. TāpaSveda
2. UpanāhaSveda
3. ŪṣmaSveda
4. DravaSveda

These 4 comes under AgniSveda

• TĀPASVEDA

तत्रतापस्वेदःपाणिकांस्यकन्दुककपालवालुकावस्त्रःप्रयुज्यतेशयानस्य

चाङ्गतापोबहुशःखादिराङ्गारित[ii] |                                             (Su. Chi. 32/4)

Tāpa means heating. Direct application of heat to the body with heated materials such ashasta (hand), Kāmsyapātra(Bronze vessel), Kanduka(iron pan), Vastra (cloth), KapālaKharpara(piece of mud pot), Vālukā (sand).

• ŪṢMASVEDA

ऊष्मस्वेदस्तुकपालपाषाणेष्टकालोहपिण्डानग्निवर्णानद्भिरासिञ्चेदम्लद्रव्यैर्वा,तैरार्द्रालक्तकपरिवेष्टितैरङ्गप्रदेशंस्वेदयेत्|

                                                                                    (Su.Chi. 32/5)

Ūṣma meansBāṣpa (steam).

Method –piece of pot, stone, iron bolus or brick is made into red hot and then put into water or Kāñji. Then immediately taken out, cover with cloth and Svedana should be done.

NĀḌISVEDA

हस्तिशुण्डिकयानाड्यास्वेदयेद्वातरोगिणमसुखासर्वाङ्गगाह्येषानचक्लिश्नातिमानवमव्यामार्धमात्रात्रिर्वकाहस्तिहस्तसमाकृतिःस्वेदनार्थेहितानाडीकैलिब्जीहस्तिशुण्डिका[iii] |

                                                                                                (Su. Chi. 32/6)

Vātāhāra drugs should be filled in a pot and heated. The mouth of the pot is covered with a lid or another pot is placed with its mouth down. A hole is made on the upper pot and a Nāḍiressembling the trunk of elephant fixed to the hole. Nāḍi should be half Vyāmain length with three curves ressembling the trunk of elephant,

Procedure: Patient should be anointed first and then made to sit comfortably covered with blanket and sudation is given through the tube.

KARṢŪSVEDA

पुरुषायाममात्रांचभूमिमुत्कीर्यखादिरैःकाष्ठेर्दग्ध्वातथाऽभ्युदयक्षीरधान्याम्लवारिभिःपूर्ववत्कुटींवाचतुद्वारांकृत्वातस्यामुपविष्टपत्रमगरवच्छाद्यशयानंस्वेदयेत्ततःपूर्ववत्स्वेदयेद्दग्ध्वाभस्मापोह्यापि            वाशिलाम[iv] |                                                                                                                                                                                                                 (Su. Chi. 32/8)

A pit of the length of a man is dug in the ground, Khadira woods are put in and set fire. After the fire has extinguished, the area should be sprinkled with milk, sour and covered with pieces of leaves. Then the patient is made to lie on it.

KUṬISVEDA

पूर्ववत्कुटींवाचतुद्वारांकृत्वातस्यामुपविष्ट

स्यान्तश्चतद्वारेऽङ्गारानुपसन्धायतंस्वेदयेत्[v] |                                          (Su. Chi. 32/10)

A room with four doors is constructed. The patient who has anointed is made to sit comfortably inside the room, burning coal is placed at the entrance of all doors and this sudation is done.

PRASTARASVEDA

कोशधान्यानिवासम्यगुपस्वेद्यास्तीर्यकिलित्रेऽन्यस्मिन्वातत्प्रतिरूपके

शयानंप्रावृत्यस्वेदयेत्एवंपांशुगोशकृत्तुषबुसपलालोष्मभिःस्वेदयेत्[vi]| 

                                                                                                                                  (Su. Chi. 32/11)

Pulses are cooked well spread on blanket, another blanket is covered over the cot and the patient is made to lie down over the slab and cover with blanket till proper Svedana.

• UPANĀHASVEDA

उपनाहस्वेदस्तुवातहरमूलकल्केरम्लपिष्टलवणप्रगाढःसुस्निग्धःसुखोष्णःस्वेदयेत्एवंकाकोल्यादिभिरेलादिभिःसुरसादिभिस्तिलातसीसर्षपकल्कैःकृशरापायसोत्कारिकाभिर्वेशवार: साल्वसेर्वातनुवस्त्रावनद्धेःस्वेदयेत्[vii] |                                             (Su. Chi. 32/12)

Upanāha is done by the application of paste of roots of Vāta mitigating drugs macerated with a sour liquid and added with more salt and fats, made unctuous and tied on affected body part. Kākolyādi, Elādi,SurasādiGaṇadrugs are used forUpanāha.

SālvaṇaUpanāha

काकोल्यादिःसवातघ्नःसर्वाम्लद्रव्यसंयुतः|
सानूपौदकमांसस्तुसर्वस्नेहसमन्वितः||
सुखोष्णःस्पष्टलवणःसाल्वणःपरिकीर्तितः|
तेनोपनाहंकुर्वीतसर्वदावातरोगिणाम्||                          (Su. Chi. 4/14-15)

In SālvaṇaUpanāha, Upanāha is prepared with VātāhāraDravyas like KākolyādiGana, AmlaDravya, Anupa – AudakaMāṃsa, Sneha. This Upanāha with more quantity of Lavaṇa is made into a warm paste and indicated in Vāta vitiated conditions.

• DRAVASVEDA

द्रवस्वेदस्तुवातहरद्रव्यक्वाथपूर्णकोष्णकटाहेद्रोण्यांवाऽवगाह्यस्वेदयेत्एवंपयोमांसरसयुषतलधान्याम्लघृतवसामूत्रेष्ववगाहेतएतेरेवसुखोष्णःकषायेचपरिषिञ्चेदिति[viii] | 

                                                                                                (Su. Chi. 32/13)

In this SvedaVātāhāra drugs, milk, Taila, Ghṛta are used for pouring over the body or the affected part termed as Pariṣeka. Immersing the person in the tub containing hot liquids is called Avagāha.

Utility

तत्रतापोष्मवेदौविशेषतःश्लेष्मघ्नौ, उपनाह- स्वेदोवातघ्नः, अन्यतरस्मिन्पित्तसंसृष्टेद्रवस्त्रेदइति[ix]|                                                                   (Su. Chi. 32/14)

• Tāpa and ŪṣmaSvedas are indicated in KaphaPradhāna
• UpanāhaSveda in VātaPradhānaconditions
• DravaSveda indicated inPittaSaṃsṛṣṭadisorders

[i] SU.CHI.32/3

[ii] Su.Chi.32/4

[iii] Su.Chi.32/6

[iv] SU.CHI.32/8

[v] Su.Chi.32/10

[vi] Su.Chi.32/11

[vii] Su.Chi32/12

[viii] Su.Chi 32/13

[ix] SU.CHI.32/14