PARIHĀRYA VIṢAYA AND PARIHĀRA KĀLAḤ

Parihārya Viṣaya

Kālaḥ

1)Kālayathi saṅkṣipati iti va kālaḥ

2)Tat karmocita kāle –

( Vācaspatya )

Kālaḥ is divinity, has been described in Āyurveda as a factor which has neither a start nor an end. The change resulting from an earlier situation to

succeed or present situation is known as Kālaḥ. It is also known as Pariṇāma. Each and everything of this universe or cosmos, undergoes change. The

changes evident in the universe or cosmos are bound to follow a definite order. The same implies to the physical body of the human beings. These

changes are inevitable and are going on without any break. Kālaḥ is the principle reason for the vicious cycle of birth and death among human beings.

IMPORTANCE OF KĀLA IN PAÑCAKARMA

Pañcakarma can be done to remove the Upasthita Doṣā only after considering kālaḥ and

Mātrā. Samśodhana Cikitsā will be successful if kālādi Bhāvas are assessed properly.

If treatment is not given according to kāla then it may lead to Pīḍa or Maraṇa just like the plants which get destroyed by untimely rain [4].

Consideration of kāla in Pañcakarma

Pañcakarma can be done for 3 purposes

1. To maintain Swāsthya
2. To get Rasāyana Guṇa Prāpti
3. To get rid of Roga.

Pañcakarma in Swaṣṭa

Pañcakarma which is done for the purpose of maintaining the health of an individual.

Dinacarya

Nasya karma and Mātrā Basti can be done daily.

Ritucarya

Samśodhana should be done in Sādhāraṇa kālaḥ i.e. Vamana in Vasanta, Virecana in Śarat and Basti in Prāvṛt Ritu. ( ch. Si. 6/5)

Kāla in Pūrva karmas of Pañcakarma

1. Dīpana-Pācana
2. Snehana
3. Svedana

Dīpana & Pāchana

Dīpana –Pācana drugs are used to increase the Agni and for the digestion of Āma .If Snehana is done in Āmayukta condition, it may lead to destruction of Saṃjñā and even also death [5].

In Mandāgni and Krūra Koṣṭha, Kṣāra and Lavaṇayuktaghṛta should be taken to increase the Agni. After the Āmapācana, Snehana, Svedana and Virecana should be given. (su. Chi. 33/39). There is no specific time duration for Dīpana –Pācana. Till Nirāma Lakṣaṇa -Pācana should be done.

Snehana

Before performing Pañcakarma, first Sneha Karma, then Svedana Karma and later it should be followed by any Samśodhana. (Ch. Su. 13/99)

Kārmaṇam Vamanādīnām

Antareṣvantareṣu——| ( C. Si. 6/7)

Between any two Pañcakarma therapy there should be a Snehana Karma again. Any type of

Pañcakarma should end with Sneha karma [6].

Snehana and Dina

Sneha Karma should be done, when the person is having Laghu Koṣṭha (a state after passing

regular Vegas) and in early morning when sunrise starts. ( Su. Chi . 31/14)

Snehapāna should not be done in Akālaḥ( Ati Uṣṇa or Ati Śīta )and Durdina (the day of

cloudy atmosphere). ( su. Chi. 31/47)

Snehana and Ritu

Snehapāna is done in Sādhāraṇa Ritu, when sunrise starts. (AS. SU. 16/12)

Ritu Sneha

Sādhārana ritu (vasanta ,Śarat  and varṣa)

When sun rays starts to touch the earth.

Śarat ritu Sarpi

Prāvṛt Taila

Mādhava(grīṣma) Vasa-majjā

Snehana and Jīrṇa Liṅga

Snehana should be done when the previous night meal get digested. ( C. Si. 6/10)

Sneha Kāla acc.to.Koṣṭha

Mridu Koṣṭha – 3 days

Madhyāma Koṣṭha – 5 days

Krūra Koṣṭha -7 days ( cha.su.13)

Sneha kāla acc.to doṣā

In Śleṣmadhika and Śīta kālaḥ – Snehapāna done in day

In VātaPittādhika and Uṣṇakālaḥ – Snehapāna done in night (cha.su.13/19)

In  VātaPittādhika – Snehapāna done in night

In Vātakaphādhika – Snehapāna done in day

(Su. Chi. 31)

Sneha Mātrā acc.to Kālaḥ

Types of Sneha Time period for the digestion of Sneha

Hrasīyasī Within 3 hours

Hrasva Within 6 hours

Madhyama Within 12 hours

Uttama Within 24 hours

śodhanāṅga snehapāna

Śodhanāṅga Snehapāna which is given in Ananna and Akṣuda Kāla should be done when

the previous night meal gets digested and when the patient is not having hunger. (c.su. 13/61), ( As. SU. 16/19)

Svedana

After Snehana Karma only Svedana should be done. Svedana is done after Snehana to relieve

obstruction of Vāta. (c. Su. 14/4 ) . Svedana should be done in Jīrṇannavasthā (su. Chi.32/28). If Svedana given in kṣudita then it causes Atyanta glāni (As. Su . 17/24).

Parihāra kāla

The purpose of Parihāra kāla is to get Bala. If Parihāra kāla is not followed properly, then it may cause pitta Prakopa and leads Dāha, Pipāsa etc and śoka, āyāsa leads to Chitta vibhrama, Apasmāra, Moha, Mada etc. (su.chi.39/22)

CONCLUSION

Pañcakarma is one of the best weapons of Āyurveda which definitely eradicates doṣā vikṛti. Kāla is one of the main influencing factors for the success of treatment. If Pañcakarma is done without the consideration of kāla then it will definitely end in .complications.so consideration of kāla in Pañcakarma is essential

REGIMENS TO BE FOLLOWED DURING PRADHĀNA KARMA

Vamana

Before Vamana, Kaphotkleśakara Ahāra such as Māṃsa or Māṃsarasa of Grāmya,  anūpa or Audaka  paśu pakṣī , along with Kṣīra, Dadhi,  māṣa, Tila and Kṣīra is to be taken for proper U utkleśana of Kapha doṣā.

In Vihāra, Bāhya Snehana and Svedana karma is to be done for proper movement of the doṣās from Sakha to Koṣṭha.

After the completion of Vamana, Saṃsarjana krama is an important aspect to be followed which is dependent on the level of śudhi attained.

Virecana

For proper Virecana, Laghu Bhojana, Amla Phala Rasa, Snigdha, Drava, Uṣṇa, āhāra and Jaṅgala Māṃsarasa is advised to be taken as Pathya. Laghu Bhojana, Amla phala Rasa, Uṣṇa Udaka will help to alleviate Pitta Doṣā and will help in Kapha avajayartha, Further In the Visrāmakālaḥ, Bāhya Snehana and Svedana should be done for proper mobilization of Doṣās from Śākha to Koṣṭha. After Virecana SaṃsarjanaKrama is advised as Pathya for achieving utmost results from Virecana.

Basti

In Basti, Māṃsa Rasa is preferably used as Pathya in Vātabased disorders whereas use of Kṣīra in Pitta based disorders is found to be beneficial. Further, Yūṣa is pathya in Kapha based disorders. Before the administration of Anuvāsana basti, Laghu āhāra should be taken: according to doṣā.

Nasya

Mainly Uṣṇa āhāra and vihara are advised during Nasya karma. Uṣṇa Āhāra and Vihāra will help to check both Vāta and Kapha. Since, Nasya is the preferred modality of treatment for Ūrdhvajatrugata Vikāras, and  Ūrdhvajatru is the seat of Kapha, both Kapha and Vāta should be equally tackled. Uṣṇa upachāra will help to balance the same. Śira snāna (head bath) is to be avoided.

Raktamokṣaṇa

After bloodletting, intake of foods and drinks which are neither too hot or too cold, light and stimulants of digestion are recommended. Exercise, sexual intercourse, cold bath, day sleep, exposure to breeze, food having Kṣāra, Amla, Katu Rasa, and Śoka should be avoided till the body gets normal strength.