Basti is classified on different aspects

तत्र द्विविधो बस्तिः– नैरूहिकः, स्नैहिकश्च ||

आस्थापनं, निरूह इत्यनर्थान्तरं; तस्य विकल्पो माधुतैलिकः; तस्य पर्यायशब्दो यापनो, युक्तरथः, सिद्धबस्तिरिति |
स दोषनिर्हरणाच्छरीरनीरोहणाद्वा निरूहः, वयःस्थापनादायुःस्थापनाद्वा आस्थापनम् |
माधुतैलिकविधानं च निरूहोपक्रमचिकित्सिते वक्ष्यामः |
यथाप्रमाणगुणविहितः स्नेहबस्तिविकल्पोऽनुवासनः पादाव(प)कृष्टः |(Su.Chi.35/18)

1. A) Based on the Dravyasused; it is of two types 1) NirūhaBasti

                                                                            2) Sneha Basti.

यथावयो निरूहाणां या मात्राः परिकीर्तिताः |
पादावकृष्टास्ताः कार्याः स्नेहबस्तिषु देहिनाम् ||(Su.Chi.37/4)||

1/4^th dose of NirūhaBasti is the dose of Sneha Basti.Pādāvakṛṣṭameans 1/4^th.

Based on the dose of Sneha administered; it is of three types:

• Sneha Basti – administration of Sneha in the dose of 6 Palais Sneha Basti
• AnuvāsanaBasti – half of the dose of Sneha Basti is AnuvāsanaBasti, that is 3Pala.
• MātrāBasti – half of the dose of AnuvāsanaBasti is Mātrā Basti, that is 1and a half Pala.

PhaliniDravya

धामार्गवमथेक्ष्वाकुजीमूतंकृतवेधनम्॥॥

मदनं कुटजं चैव त्रपुषं हस्तिपर्णिनी|
एतानि वमने चैव योज्यान्यास्थापनेषु च|| (Cha.Su.1/84) || 

Dhāmārgava, Ikṣvāku, Jīmūta, Kṛtavedhana, Madana, Kuṭaja, Trapusa and Hastiparṇi.                                                          

Sneha Dravya

सर्पिस्तैलं वसा मज्जा स्नेहो दिष्टश्चतुर्विधः ^[१] ||८६||
पानाभ्यञ्जनबस्त्यर्थं नस्यार्थं चैव योगतः| (Cha.Su.1/86)

Sneha is of 4 types- Sarpi, Taila, Vasā and Majjā. They are used respectively for Pāna, Abhyaṅga, Basti and Nasya.

LavaṇaDravya

अधोभागोर्ध्वभागेषुनिरूहेष्वनुवासने॥॥.Ch.Su.1/90

The five Lavaṇas are used in Virecana, Vamana, Nirūha and Ānuvāsana Basti .

MūtraDravya

न्यू(ऊ)र्ध्वं मूत्राण्यष्टौ निबोध मे||९२||
मुख्यानि यानि दिष्टानि ^[१] सर्वाण्यात्रेयशासने|
अविमूत्रमजामूत्रं गोमूत्रं माहिषं च यत् ^[२] ||९३||
हस्तिमूत्रमथोष्ट्रस्य हयस्य च खरस्य च|
उष्णं तीक्ष्णमथोऽरूक्षं ^[३] कटुकं लवणान्वितम्||९४||

मूत्रमुत्सादने युक्तं युक्तमालेपनेषु च|
युक्तमास्थापने मूत्रं युक्तं चापि विरेचने||(Cha.Su.1/92-95) ||

AṣṭaMūtra is useful in Utsādana, Lepana, Āsthāpana Basti, Virecana.

Kṣīra

नस्यालेपावगाहेषुवमनास्थापनेषु [३] च।

विरेचनेस्नेहने च पयःसर्वत्रयुज्यते॥च​.सु.१।११२॥. Ch.Su.1/112

Kṣīra is everywhere used in Nasya, Lepa, Avagāha, Vamana, Āsthāpana Basti, Virecana and Snehana.

पाटलां ^[१] चाग्निमन्थं च बिल्वं श्योनाकमेव च|
काश्मर्यं शालपर्णीं च पृश्निपर्णीं निदिग्धिकाम्||११||
बलां श्वदंष्ट्रां बृहतीमेरण्डं सपुनर्नवम्|
यवान् कुलत्थान् कोलानि गुडूचीं मदनानि च||१२||
पलाशं कत्तृणं चैव स्नेहांश्च लवणानि च|
उदावर्ते विबन्धेषु युञ्ज्यादास्थापनेषु च||१३||
अत एवौषधगणात् सङ्कल्प्यमनुवासनम्|
मारुतघ्नमिति प्रोक्तः सङ्ग्रहः पाञ्चकर्मिकः||                             (Cha.Su.2/11-14)

All the above mentioned Dravyasare used for Asthāpana as well as for AnuvāsanaBastis.

The Dravyaswhich are useful for Basti have Madhura, Amla, Lavaṇa, Kaṭu,Tikta, and Kaṣāya Rasa Skandhas which is mentioned in CarakaVimānasthāna 8^th chapter 139-144.

त्रिवृद्बिल्वपिप्पलीकुष्ठसर्षपवचावत्सकफलशतपुष्पामधुकमदनफलानीति दशेमान्यास्थापनोपगानि भवन्ति                                                                         (Cha.Su.4/15)

These are the Dravyaswhich are mentioned under AsthāpanopagaGaṇa.

रास्नासुरदारुबिल्वमदनशतपुष्पावृश्चीरपुनर्नवाश्वदंष्ट्राग्निमन्थश्योनाका इति दशेमान्यनुवासनोपगानि भवन्ति                                                                                     (Cha.Su.4/16)

These Dravyas are mentioned as AnuvāsanopagaGaṇa.

मदनकुटजकुष्ठदेवदाली–
मधुकवचादशमूलदारुरास्नाः|
यवमिशिकृतवेधनं कुलत्था
मधु लवणं त्रिवृता निरूहणानि||                                               (A.Hr.Su.15/3)

According to Vāgbhaṭa; these are Dravyaswhich can be used for AsthāpanaBasti.

DEFINITION

स दोषनिर्हरणाच्छरीरनीरोहणाद्वा निरूहः||              (Su.Chi.35/18)

The procedure which causes the removal of aggravated Doṣa from the body and procedure in which Dravya moved in upward direction in the body is known as Nirūha.

वयःस्थापनादायुःस्थापनाद्वा आस्थापनम् |                    (Su.Chi.35/18)

Nirūha Basti is also termed as Āsthāpana Basti, which means it maintains youthfulness and increases the life span.

तद्वयःस्थापनाद्दोषस्थापनाद्वास्थापनमित्युच्यतेशरीरारोहणाद्दोषनिर्हरणादचिन्त्यप्रभावतयायस्मिन्नूहासम्भवान्निरूहइति॥                                         (A.Sa.Su.28/7)

Nirūha Basti is known as Āsthāpana because this procedure makes the age static. It is called Nirūha because it moves upward in the body, expels the Doṣās out, because it is not possible to conjecture its effects due to its inconceivable efficacy.

‘Ūha’ is inference or conjecture. ‘Nir’ is an Upasarga giving the meaning ‘without’ or ‘free from’ to the word to which it is prefixed.

SYNONYMS

आस्थापनं, निरूह इत्यनर्थान्तरं|                  (Su.chi.35/18)

Nirūha Basti , Āsthāpana Basti, Kaṣāya Basti are its synonyms.

शेषास्त्वास्थाप्याः; विशेषतस्तु सर्वाङ्गैकाङ्गकुक्षिरोगवातवर्चोमूत्रशुक्रसङ्गबलवर्णमांसरेतःक्षयदोषाध्मानाङ्गसुप्तिक्रिमिकोष्ठोदावर्तशुद्धातिसार– पर्वभेदाभितापप्लीहगुल्मशूलहृद्रोगभगन्दरोन्मादज्वरब्रध्नशिरःकर्णशूलहृदयपार्श्वपृष्ठकटीग्रहवेपनाक्षेपकगौरवातिलाघव– रजःक्षयार्तविषमाग्निस्फिग्जानुजङ्घोरुगुल्फपार्ष्णिप्रपदयोनिबाह्वङ्गुलिस्तनान्तदन्तनखपर्वास्थिशूल– शोषस्तम्भान्त्रकूजपरिकर्तिकाल्पाल्पसशब्दोग्रगन्धोत्थानादयो ^[१] वातव्याधयो विशेषेण महारोगाध्यायोक्ताश्च; एतेष्वास्थापनं प्रधानतममित्युक्तं वनस्पतिमूलच्छेदवत्||(Cha.Si.2/16)||

SarvāṅgaRoga, EkāṅgaRoga, KukṣiRoga, Vāta Saṅga, Varco, MūtraSaṅga, ŚukraSaṅga, BalaKṣaya, Varna Kṣaya, Māṃsa Kṣaya, RetahKṣaya, Doṣādhmāna (Tympanitis), AṅgaSupti, Kṛmikoshtha, Udāvarta, Śuddhātisāra (Diarrhea without association of Āma), Parvabheda, Abhitāpa, Plīhā Roga, GulmaRoga, ŚūlaRoga, Hṛdroga, Bhagandara, UnmādaRoga,  Jvara, BradhnaRoga, Śirahśūla, Karnaśūla, HṛdayaGraha, PārśvaGraha, PṛishtaGraha,Kaṭī Graha, Vepanārta, Ākṣepakārta, Gauravārta, Atilāghavārta, Rajah-Kṣayārta, Vishamāgni, Sphik – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Jānu – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Janghā – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Ūru – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Gulpha – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Pārshni – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Prapada – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Yoni – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Bāhu – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha,  Anguli – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Stanānta – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Danta – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Nakha – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Parva – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, Asthi – Śūla – Śosa – Stambha, ĀntraKūjana, Parikartika, Alpālpa – Utthāna (Voiding stool in small quantity frequently), Saśabda – Utthāna (Voiding stool with sound), Ugragandha – UtthānaĀdayoVyādhyayah (Diseases that cause voiding stool with foul smell), Vātika disorders specially discussed in MahārogaAdhyāya of Caraka Samhita Sutra Sthāna.basti is the foremost medication for above mentioned disease conditions. As a tree gets destroyed by cutting its roots, similarly the above mentioned diseases get cured by the administration of Nirūha Basti.

तथा ज्वरातीसारतिमिरप्रतिश्यायशिरोरोगाधिमन्थार्दिताक्षेपकपक्षाघातैकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गरोगाध्मानोदर– योनिशूलशर्कराशूलवृद्ध्युपदंशानाहमूत्रकृच्छ्रगुल्मवातशोणितवातमूत्रपुरीषोदावर्त– शुक्रार्तवस्तन्यनाशहृद्धनुमन्याग्रहशर्कराश्मरीमूढगर्भप्रभृतिषु ^[१] चात्यर्थमुपयुज्यते ||            (Su.Chi.35/5)

Nirūha Basti is indicated inJvara, Ātisāra, Timira, Pratiśyāya, Śiroroga, Atimantha, Ardita, Ākṣepaka, Pakṣāghāta, EkāṅgaRoga, SarvāṅgaRoga, Ādhmāna, Udara, Yoni Śūla, Śūla due to Śarkara, Vṛddhi, Upadaṃśa,Ānāha, Mūtrakṛcchra, Gulma, Vātaśoṇita, Vāta – Mūtra – PurīṣaUdāvarta, Sukra – Ārtava – StanyaNaśa, HṛdayaGraha, HanuGraha, Manyā Graha, Aśmarī, Mūḍhagarbha.

तेन साधयेत्|
गुल्मानाहखुडप्लीहशुद्धातीसारशूलिनः||२||
जीर्णज्वरप्रतिश्यायशुक्रानिलमलग्रहान्|
वर्ध्माश्मरीरजोनाशान् दारुणांश्चानिलामयान्|| (A.Hr.Su.19/6) ||

Nirūha Basti is indicated in Gulma, Ānāha, Khuda, Plīhā, Śuddhatisāra, Śūla, Jīrnajvara, Pratiśyāya, Śukra, Anila, Mala Graha, Vardhma, Aśmari, Rajonāsa and DārunaAnilaĀmaya.

By considering the different stages of diseases, we can administer Basti in conditions such as,

बद्धोदरादावाध्मातानां बस्तिर्निषिध्यते; तेन “स्निग्धाय बद्धोदरिणे” इत्यादिना यावच्च “निरूहं सानुवासनम्” (चि.अ.१३) इति ग्रन्थेन निरूहविधानमविरुद्धं भवति; अन्ये तु उदराध्याय एव ‘बद्धोदरिणे’ इत्यनेन सविबन्धोदरिविषयं निरूहं वर्णयन्ति, तेनात्र सामान्येन बद्धोदरे निरूहनिषेधो न विरुद्धः||                                                                                                (Chakrapani १४–१५)

In Alpāgni or Mandāgni, where there is less aggravation of Kapha, then KaphaghnaNirūha Basti can be administered.

In Baddhodara; if the condition is associated with Vibandha, then Nirūha Basti can be administered.

If Hikka occurs due to administration of excessive Tīkṣṇa Basti to a Durbala person, having MṛduKoṣṭha, in this condition, Vāta is aggravated. So Anuvāsana Basti can be administered.

अनास्थाप्यास्तु अजीर्ण्यतिस्निग्धपीतस्नेहोत्क्लिष्टदोषाल्पाग्नियानक्लान्तातिदुर्बलक्षुत्तृष्णाश्रमार्तातिकृशभुक्तभक्तपीतोदकवमितविरिक्तकृतनस्तः कर्मकुद्धभीतमत्तमूर्च्छितप्रसक्तच्छर्दिनिष्ठीविकाश्वासकासहिक्काबद्धच्छिद्रोदकोदराध्मानालसकविसूचिकामप्रजातामातिसार– मधुमेहकुष्ठार्ताः||

(Cha.Si. 2/14)

Nirūha Basti is contraindicated in Ajīrṇa, Atisnigdha, Pītasneha, Utkliṣta Doṣā ((A person who has excited Doṣa), Alpāgni, Yānaklānta, Atidurbala, Kṣudhārta, Tṛṣṇārta, Śramārta, Atikrśa, Bhuktabhakta, Pītodaka, Vāmita, Virikta, KṛtaNasta Karma, Kruddha, Bhīta, Matta, Mūrcchita, PrasaktaChardi, Nishthīvika, ŚvāsaRoga, KāsaRoga, HikkaRoga, Baddhodarādhmāna, Chidrodarādhmāna, Udakodarādhmāna, AlasakaRoga, ViṣucikaRoga, Āmaprajāta, Āmatisāra, Madhumeha, KushthaRoga

तत्रोन्मादभयशोकपिपासारोचकाजीर्णार्शःपाण्डुरोगभ्रममदमूर्च्छाच्छर्दिकुष्ठमेहोदरस्थौल्य– श्वासकासकण्ठशोषशोफोपसृष्टक्षतक्षीणचतुस्त्रिमासगर्भिणीदुर्बलाग्न्यसहा बालवृद्धौ च वातरोगादृते क्षीणा नानुवास्या नास्थापयितव्याः ||                                                            (Su.Chi.35/21)

Nirūha Basti is contraindicated in Unmāda, Bhaya, Śoka, Pipāsa, Arocaka, Ajīrṇa, Arśas, PāṇḍuRoga, Bhrama, Mada, Mūrcchā, Charddhi, Kuṣṭha, Meha, Udara, Sthaulya, Śvāsa, Kāsa, Kaṇṭhaśoṣa, Śophopasrṛṣṭa, Kṣatakṣīṇa, Garbhiṇī, Durbala, Agnyasahā, Bāla, Vṛddha, Vātaroga.

अनास्थाप्यास्त्वतिस्निग्धः क्षतोरस्को भृशं कृशः|
आमातिसारी वमिमान् संशुद्धो दत्तनावनः||४||
श्वासकासप्रसेकार्शोहिध्माध्मानाल्पवह्नयः|
शूनपायुः कृतहारो बद्धच्छिद्रोदकोदरी||५||
कुष्ठी च मधुमेही च मासान् सप्त च गर्भिण ||                        (A.Hr.Su.19/4-5)

Nirūha Basti is generally contraindicated in Atisnigdha, Urakṣata, Kṛśa, Āmatisāra, Vami, Saṃśuddha, Datta Nāvana, Śvāsa, Kāsa, Praseka, Arśas, Hidhma, Adhmāna, AlpaVahni, Śūnapāyu, Kṛtāhara, Baddhodara, Chidrodara, Udakodara, Kustha, Madhumeha and MāsanSapta Ca Garbhini.

REASONS FOR CONTRAINDICATIONS

तत्राजीर्ण्यतिस्निग्धपीतस्नेहानां दूष्योदरं मूर्च्छाश्वयथुर्वा स्यात्, उत्क्लिष्टदोषमन्दाग्न्योररोचकस्तीव्रः, यानक्लान्तस्य क्षोभव्यापन्नो बस्तिराशु देहं शोषयेत्, अतिदुर्बलक्षुत्तृष्णाश्रमार्तानां पूर्वोक्तोदोषः स्यात्, अतिकृशस्य कार्श्यं पुनर्जनयेत्, भुक्तभक्तपीतोदकयोरुत्क्लिश्योर्ध्वमधो वा ^[१] वायुर्बस्तिमुत्क्षिप्य क्षिप्रं घोरान् विकाराञ्जनयेत्, वमितविरिक्तयोस्तु रूक्षं शरीरं निरूहः क्षतं क्षार इव दहेत्, कृतनस्तःकर्मणो विभ्रंशं भृशसंरुद्धस्रोतसः ^[२] कुर्यात्, क्रुद्धभीतयोर्बस्तिरूर्ध्वमुपप्लवेत्, मत्तमूर्च्छितयो र्भृशं विचलितायां सञ्ज्ञायां चित्तोपघाताद् व्यापत् स्यात्, प्रसक्तच्छर्दिर्निष्ठीविकाश्वासकासहिक्कार्तानामूर्ध्वीभूतो वायुरूर्ध्वं बस्तिं नयेत्, बद्धच्छिद्रोदकोदराध्मानार्तानां भृशतरमाध्याप्य बस्तिः प्राणान् हिंस्यात्, अलसकविसूचिकामप्रजातामातिसारिणामामकृतो दोषः स्यात्, मधुमेहकुष्ठिनोर्व्याधेः पुनर्वृद्धिः; तस्मादेते नास्थाप्याः||( Ch.Si.2/15) ||