• Accha sneham

अच्छपॆयस्तुयःस्नॆहोनतमाहुर्विचारणाम्।

स्नॆहस्यसभिषादृष्टःकल्पःप्रथमकल्पिकः॥          – च. सू. १३/२६

अच्छश्चपॆयश्चअच्छपॆयः।

औदनाद्यसम्बन्धीसतिपॆयः॥ चक्रपाणी on च. सू. ३/२६

Intake of simple (unmixed) unctuous substance is Acchapāna. It is said to be administered without mixing with food or any other substance. It is considered to be the best form of sneha administration, because it is highly effective in achieving samyak snehana lakṣaṇas very quickly.

In a nutshell.

• It is administered internally.
• Used for śodhana and śamana.
• Pathya must be followed.
• Large dose is given.
• It is given for śodhana or śamana of Doṣa’s.

Intake of accha sneha according to doṣa:

केवलं पैत्तिक सर्पिवातिके लवणान्वितम्। देयं बहुकफे चापि व्योष क्षारसमायुतम्॥

(su.ci 31/19)

In kevala pitta condition pure ghee, in kevala vāta condition ghee with salt and in excessive kapha vitiation ghee is mixed with vyoṣa etc is given as snehapāna.

Contra indications of अच्छपान:

स्नेहद्विषिक्षामोमृदुकोष्ठ: स्नेहमद्यनित्यश्च।

अध्वभारप्रजागरस्त्रिश्रान्तनाच्छपिबेयुस्ते॥ – Ka.Su – 22/25

अच्छपान should not be given to those who hate to take snehapāna, who are too tired, those who take sneha dravyas every day, liquor every day, those who do strenuous work and who always indulge in women.

अच्छपानकाल – duration of pure fat drinking:

According to Charaka,

स्नेहस्यप्रकर्षोतुसत्तरात्रत्रिरात्रकौ॥

The maximum and minimum period of pure fat administration is 7 and 3 days.

मृदुकोष्ठस्त्रिरात्रेणस्निह्चत्च्छोपसेवया।

स्निह्यतिक्रूरकोष्ठस्तुसत्तरात्रेणमानव:॥ – Ch.Su. 13/51

त्रयहमच्छमृदौकोष्ठेकूरेसत्तदिनंपिबेत्॥

सम्यक्स्निग्धोऽथवायावदत: सात्म्यीभवेतपरम्॥  – A.H.Su.16/29, 30

पिबेत्त्रयहंचतुरहंपञ्चाहंषडहंतथा।

सप्तरात्रात्परंस्नेहसत्मीभवतिसेवित॥-च.पा

अच्छपान should be administered 3 days in mṛdu koṣṭha person and 7 days for the krūra koṣṭha person or till the symptoms of proper oleation appear. The acchasneha should not be administered more than 7 days because it will be accustomed to the administered person and It will not yield any desired effect or It may cause side effects.

Acchapānamātrā:

The mātrā is decided upon considering the doṣa, agni, vaya, bala, etc of the patient. Excessive or less dose doesn’t yield any results rather it leads to complications. Snehapānamātrā -Dose of oily substances depends on doṣa and digestion. In Brhat trayees, there are two views regarding the mātrā of sneha. Charaka and Vaghbata have explained three mātrās whereas, Ācārya Sushruta has explained 5 mātrās as per time required for digestion.

अहोरात्रमहः कृत्स्नमर्धाहं च प्रतीक्षते

प्रधाना मध्यमा ह्रस्वा स्नेहमाना जरां प्रति।।

इति तिस्रः समुद्दिष्टा मात्रा स्नेहस्य मानतः  – Ch. Su, 13/29

1) Hraswa Mātrā – the dose of sneha that is digested within 6 hours

2) Madhyama Mātrā – the dose of sneha that is digested within 12 hours

3) Uttama Mātrā-the dose of sneha that is digested within 24 hours

Table showing difference between śodhana accha sneha and śamana accha sneha.

अनुपान for accha sneham:

जलमुष्णं घृते पेयं यूषस्तैलेऽनु शस्यते।

च सा मज्जास्तु मण्डः स्यात् सर्वेयूष्णमथाम्बु वा॥–

Uṣṇajalam is a universal anupāna for any snehadravyas. It helps for the disintegration of the fat. Helps in the better absorption of the given Sneha. Uṣṇajalam should not be advised for snehas of bhallātaka and tuvaraka because both are uṣṇa and tīkṣṇa in nature. Yūṣa is a very good anupāna for vāta. yūṣa contains more protein and alkaline in nature and it counteracts the vidāhi nature of the taila.

 Vasā and majjā are gurutama in nature so lagu anupāna must be given. Maṇḍa is a simple starch and digested easily.

 The quantity of anupāna varies according to the quantity of sneha substance, the efficiency of the drugs used or the pharmaceutical process involved. Anupāna makes the fat to digest fast – chakrapani.

Vicharana sneha:

Definition:

युक्त्यावचारयेत् स्नेह भक्ष्याद्यन्नेन बस्तिभि:।
नस्याभ्यञ्जनगण्डूषमूध्कर्णाक्षितर्पणै:
रस भेदैकत्वाभ्या चतुष्षष्टिर्विचारणा।
स्नेहस्यान्याभिभूतत्वादल्पत्वाच्चक्रमात्स्मृता:॥

Sneha when classified, applied and used as a substitute or alternative for primary one (Prathamakalpika) it is called as Pravicārana. Gangadhāra noted that, when Sneha is pre-eminently and particularly used in the form of Bhakṣa, Pāna, Leha, Abhyañjana etc. it is called as Pravicārana.

प्रविचार्यते अवचर्यतेऽनुकल्पेनपयुज्यतेऽनयेति प्रविचारणा ।    च.प.

The administration of Sneha along with various preparations like odana, vilepī etc. is known as pravicārana.

Caraka: (a) Mrdupāka (b) Madhyama pāka (c) Kharapāka

Susruta:(a) Mrdupāka (b)   Madhyama pāka (c) Kharapāka(d) Dagdhapāka

sarangadhāra:(a) Mrdupāka (b) Madhyama pāka (c) Kharapāka(d)

Vagbhata :(a) Mrdupāka (b) Cikkaṇa pāka (c) Kharacikkaṇa pāka

       Snehapāka with respect to prayogam