BASED ON YONI
Virecana dravyas are classified into: sthāvara and jaṅgama. Some of the sthāvara virecaka dravyas are:
त्रिवृच्छामादन्तीद्रवन्तीशङ्खिनीसप्तलाजगन्धाजशृङ्गीवचागवाक्षीछगलान्त्रीसुवर्णक्षीरीचित्रककिणिहीह्रस्वपञ्चमूलवृश्चीवपुनर्नवापलङ्कषावास्तुकशाकसालमूलानि।तिल्वकरम्यककाम्पिल्यकपाटलीत्वच।त्रिफलापीलुप्रियालकुवलबदरकर्कन्धुकाश्मर्यपरूषकद्राक्षानीलिनीक्लीतनकोदकीर्याविडङ्गपूगपञ्चाङ्गुलफलानि। चतुरङ्गुलफलपत्राणि। पूतीकस्य त्वक्फलपत्राणि। महावृक्षसप्तच्छदज्योतिष्मतीक्षीराणि। (A. S. Su.14/3)
Some of the jaṅgama viecaka dravyas are
क्षीरमद्यमस्तुतक्रधान्याम्लमूत्राणि चेति विरेचनोपयोगीनि॥ (A. S. Su. 14/3)
Mūlini virecaka dravyas: hastidantī, haimavatī, śyāma trivṛt, jyotiṣmatī,
viṣāṇika, ajagandhā, dravantī etc..
Phalinī virecaka dravyas: kampillaka, āragvadha, viḍaṅga, trapusa, madana, abhayā, etc..
Ksheeerini dravyas: snuhī, arka.
Twak virecaka dravyas- pūtikā, tilvaka.
Best mūla virecaka dravya | Śyāma trivṛt |
Best phala virecaka dravya | Harītakī |
Best tvak virecaka dravya | Tilvaka |
Best svarasa virecaka dravya | Kāravellaka |
Best kṣīra virecaka dravya | Snuhī |
BASED ON INDICATION
Snigdha and Rūkṣa virecana
नातिस्निग्धशरीराय दद्यात् स्नेहविरेचनम्|
स्नेहोत्क्लिष्टशरीराय रूक्षं दद्याद्विरेचनम्|| (Cha. Ka. 12/83)
Snigdha/ sneha virecana should not be given to a person whose body is atisnigdha. To a person whose body is saturated with sneha (snehotkliṣṭa), then rūkṣa virecana has to be administered.
विषाभिघातपिटिका कुष्ठशोफविसर्पिणः ।
कामलापाण्डुमेहार्तान् नातिस्निग्धान् विशोधयेत् ॥
सर्वान् स्नेहविरेकैश् च रूक्षैस् तु स्नेहभावितान् । (A. H. Su. 18/53)
For diseases like viṣa, abhighāta, piḍakā, kuṣṭha, śopha, visarpa, kāmala, pāṇḍu, and meha, virecana should be given without undergoing too much prior snehana. In rūkṣa conditions, sneha virecana can be administered. Patients who are ati snigdha, for them rūkṣa virecana is given.
BASED ON THE MODE OF ACTION
Anulomana
कृत्वा पाकं मलानां यद्भित्त्वा बन्धमधो नयेत् |
तच्चानुलोमनं ज्ञेयं यथा प्रोक्ता हरीतकी || (Sha. Sam. Pu. 4/3)
The dravyas which move the malas downward after digestion and breaking their bandha is known as Anulomana.
Example – Harītakī
Sraṃsana
पक्तव्यं यदपक्त्वैव श्लिष्टं कोष्ठे मलादिकम्|
नयत्यधः स्रंसनं तद्यथा स्यात् कृतमालकः || (Sha. Sam. Pu. 4/5)
The dravyas which expel the śliṣṭa malas without digesting is sraṃsana.
Example – Āragvadha
Bhedana:
मलादिकमबद्धं यद्बद्धं वा पिण्डितं मलैः |
भित्त्वाऽध पातयति यद् भेदनं कटुकी यथा || (Sha. Sam. Pu. 4/6)
The dravyas which disintegrates the abaddha or baddha or piṇḍita form of mala and then expelled through adhomārga is bhedana.
Example – kaṭukī
Recana
विपक्वं यदपक्वं वा मलादि द्र वतां नयेत् |
रेचयत्यपि तज्ज्ञेयं रेचनं त्रिवृता यथा || (sha. Sam. Pu. 4/7)
The dravyas which expels the pakva and apakva mala, by making them in drava form, and expelled out through adhomārga is known as recana.
Example – Trivṛt
BASED ON VĪRYA OF AUṢADHA
Mrudu, madhyama and tīkṣṇa
MṚDU VIRECANA
मन्दवीर्यं विरूक्षस्य हीनमात्रं तु भेषजम्|
अतुल्यवीर्यैः संयुक्तं मृदु स्यान्मन्दवेगवत्|| (Cha. Ka. 12/56)
Dravyas having mṛdu vīrya or when combined with opposite vīrya or administered in hīna matra, given to a rūkṣa person causes mṛdu virecana.
Mṛdu virecana can be administered to durbala patients, having alpa doṣa and also for those whose koṣṭha is unknown.
Some mṛdu virecaka dravyas – drākṣā, eraṇḍa taila, uṣṇa jala, guda, ikṣu rasa, kṣīra, dadhi, mastu, ullodita.
MADHYAMA VIRECANA
किञ्चिदेभिर्गुणैर्हीनं पूर्वोक्तैर्मात्रया तथा|
स्निग्धस्विन्नस्य वा सम्यङ्मध्यं भवति भेषजम्|| (Cha. Ka. 12/55)
The drugs with slightly less quality than above mentioned characteristic features, administered in medium dosage, given to a person who underwent proper snehana & swedana will produce medium action called as madhyama virecana.
Dravyas indicated in patients having Madhya roga. Ācārya Śārṅgadhara recommends the use of madhyama virecana in madhyama koṣṭha.
Some dravyas used are – trivṛt, kaṭuki and āragvadha.
TĪKṢṆA VIRECANA
जलाग्निकीटैरस्पृष्टं देशकालगुणान्वितम् ||
ईषन्मात्राधिकैर्युक्तं तुल्यवीर्यैः सुभावितम् |
स्नेहस्वेदोपपन्नस्य तीक्ष्णत्वं याति भेषजम् || (Cha. Ka. 12/53-54)
Dravyas which has not affected by water, heat, and insects, cultivated in suitable deśa and kāla, which has been triturated with the drugs of same vīrya attains tīkṣṇa properties. These dravyas when administered in prescribed dosage to the patient who has undergone snehana and svedana causes tīkṣṇa virecana in krūra koṣṭha persons. Snuhī kṣīra is considered as the best among the tīkṣṇa virecana dravyas. According to Śārṅgadhara, hemakṣīrī, dantī etc are some examples of tīkṣṇa virechaka dravyas.
Mṛdu virechaka dravya- | Āragvadha |
Tīkṣṇa virechaka dravya | Snuhī |
Sukha virechaka dravya | Trivṛt |
तत्रोष्ण–तीक्ष्ण–सूक्ष्म–व्यवायि–विकाशीन्यौषधानिII (Cha.Ka. 1/5)
Dravyas have uṣṇa, tīkṣṇa, sūkṣma, vyavāyī and vikāsī properties. On the other hand, by the predominance of salila (jala) and Prithvi mahabhuta dominance, it helps the doṣas to move downwards.
असात्म्यबीभत्सदुर्गन्धदुर्दर्शनानि च वमनानि विदध्यात्, अतो विपरीतानि विरेचनानि; (Su. Chi. 33/7-9)
Virecana dravyas should have the opposite qualities of vamana dravyas. Means it should be sātmya, abībhatsā, adurdarśana and sugandhi.
नातिस्निग्धशरीराय दद्यात् स्नेहविरेचनम्|
स्नेहोत्क्लिष्टशरीराय रूक्षं दद्याद्विरेचनम्|| (Ch. Ka. 12/83)
Snigdha/ sneha virecana should not be given to a person whose body is atisnigdha. To a person whose body is saturated with sneha (snehotkliṣṭa), then rūkṣa virecana has to be administered.
विषाभिघातपिटिकाकुष्ठशोफविसर्पिणः।
कामलापाण्डुमेहार्तान्नातिस्निग्धान् विशोधयेत्॥
सर्वान् स्नेहविरेकैश्च, रूक्षैस्तु स्नेहभावितान्। (AH.Su.18/56)
For diseases like viṣa, abhighāta, piḍakā, kuṣṭha, śopha, visarpa, kāmala, pāṇḍu, and meha, virecana should be given without undergoing too much prior snehana. In rūkṣa conditions, sneha virecana can be administered. Patients who are ati snigdha, for them rūkṣa virecana is given.
कृत्वा पाकं मलानां यद्भित्त्वा बन्धमधो नयेत् |
तच्चानुलोमनं ज्ञेयं यथा प्रोक्ता हरीतकी || (Sha. Sam. Pu. 4/3)
The dravyas which move the malas downward after digestion and breaking their bandha is known as Anulomana.
Example – Harītakī
पक्तव्यं यदपक्त्वैव श्लिष्टं कोष्ठे मलादिकम्|
नयत्यधः स्रंसनं तद्यथा स्यात् कृतमालकः || (Sha. Sam. Pu. 4/5)
The dravyas which expel the śliṣṭa malas without digesting is sraṃsana.
Example – Āragvadha
मलादिकमबद्धं च बद्धं वा पिण्डितं मलैः |
भित्त्वाऽधः पातयति तत् भेदनं कटुकी यथा || (Sha.Sam.Pu.4/6)
The dravyas which disintegrates the abaddha or baddha or piṇḍita form of mala and then expelled through adhomārga is bhedana.
Example – kaṭukī
विपक्वं यदपक्वं वा मलादि द्रवतां नयेत् |
रेचयत्यपि तज्ज्ञेयं रेचनं त्रिवृता यथा || (sha. Sam. Pu. 4/7)
The dravyas which expels the pakva and apakva mala, by making them in drava form, and expelled out through adhomārga is known as recana.
Example – Trivṛt
तत्रोष्ण–तीक्ष्ण–सूक्ष्म–व्यवायि–विकाशीन्यौषधानिII (Ch.Ka. 1/5)
Dravyas have uṣṇa, tīkṣṇa, sūkṣma, vyavāyī and vikāsī properties
असात्म्यबीभत्सदुर्गन्धदुर्दर्शनानि च वमनानि विदध्यात्, अतो विपरीतानि विरेचनानि; (Su.Chi. 33/7-9)
Virecana dravyas should have the opposite qualities of vamana dravyas. Means it should be sātmya, abībhatsā, adurdarśana and sugandhi.